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Impact of the Korean War on the economy of the United States
The impact of the Korean War on the economy of the United States refers to the ways in which the American economy was affected by the Korean experience from 1950 to 1953. While the cost of the Korean War was less significant than that of World War II, it still changed the structure of the American growth as a result of its financing.〔"Economic Consequences of War, p. 10〕 The Korean War boosted GDP growth through government spending, which in turn constrained investment and consumption.〔 While taxes were raised significantly to finance the war, the Federal Reserve followed an anti-inflationary policy.〔"Rockoff, p. 246〕 Though there was a large increase in prices at the outset of the war, price and wage controls ultimately stabilized prices by the end of the war.〔 Consumption and investment continued to grow after the war, but below the trend rate prior to the war.〔"Economic Consequences of War, p. 11〕
==Financing==
While the United States usually finances wars using a combination of direct contemporaneous taxes, debt, and money creation, with taxation comprising a relatively small fraction of expenses, the Korean War was financed mostly via taxation.〔Ohanian, p. 25〕 This focus on taxation was significant change in economic policy, as President Harry S. Truman focused on maintaining a balanced budget.〔Ohanian, p. 26〕 He favored pay-as-you-go taxation and Congress supported this; in 1950, the House of Representatives, in an overwhelming majoring, voted 328 to 7 to raise personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, and excise taxes.〔 Also, capital taxation reached their highest levels in the history of the US during the Korean War, rising to an average of about 62 percent.〔 Sin and luxury taxes, such as those on furs, jewelry, and coin-operated gambling machines were increased and well as new taxes on television and household freezers, which represented goods that used materials and manufacturing facilities that were maybe important for the war effort.〔"Rockoff, p. 247〕 Taxes were again increased under the Revenue Act of 1951.〔"Rockoff, p. 248〕 Although the Revenue Acts during the Korean War were unable to prevent a deficit in the federal budget, the deficits produced were manageable, averaging about 6.5 percent of revenues on a monthly basis during the war.〔 Through such measures, President Truman depended mostly on taxation and a decrease in non-military expenses, rather than from borrowing from the public or money creation policies.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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